Inventors, Applicants, and Assignees: Please Be Aware!

Each person who is substantially associated with the filing and prosecution of your U.S. patent application has an affirmative duty to disclose to the USPTO information material to patentability.

File a proper and complete Information Disclosure Statement (IDS) under 37 C.F.R. § 1.56 reporting all material prior art in a timely manner.

Simply put, IDS is essential to ensure the validity and enforceability of your U.S. patent. Failure to meet the duty of disclosure may constitute an inequitable conduct (“fraud”). If inequitable conduct is found, under “abuse of discretion” standard, the patent is held invalid and/or unenforceable.

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Each IDS must include (1) a list of U.S. granted patents and published patent applications (collectively “patent documents”), (2) a list of foreign patent documents, and (3) a list of non-patent literature documents. 

For each patent document, you should indicate the publication date, name of patentee or applicant, and pages, columns, and lines where relevant passages or relevant figures appear. For each non-patent literature document, you should indicate the name of the author (in CAPITAL LETTERS), title of the article (when appropriate), title of the item (book, magazine, journal, serial, symposium, catalog, etc.), date, page(s), volume-issue number(s), publisher, city and/or country where published. 

Moreover, you shall provide a legible copy of foreign patent documents and non-patent literature documents to the USPTO.

If you have more questions, please contact us (info@USRNP.com) and/or read the original text of Rule 1.56 as reproduced in the following.  

37 CFR 1.56: Duty to disclose information material to patentability. 

(a) A patent by its very nature is affected with a public interest. The public interest is best served, and the most effective patent examination occurs when, at the time an application is being examined, the Office is aware of and evaluates the teachings of all information material to patentability. Each individual associated with the filing and prosecution of a patent application has a duty of candor and good faith in dealing with the Office, which includes a duty to disclose to the Office all information known to that individual to be material to patentability as defined in this section. The duty to disclose information exists with respect to each pending claim until the claim is cancelled or withdrawn from consideration, or the application becomes abandoned. Information material to the patentability of a claim that is cancelled or withdrawn from consideration need not be submitted if the information is not material to the patentability of any claim remaining under consideration in the application. There is no duty to submit information which is not material to the patentability of any existing claim. The duty to disclose all information known to be material to patentability is deemed to be satisfied if all information known to be material to patentability of any claim issued in a patent was cited by the Office or submitted to the Office in the manner prescribed by §§ 1.97(b)-(d) and 1.98 . However, no patent will be granted on an application in connection with which fraud on the Office was practiced or attempted or the duty of disclosure was violated through bad faith or intentional misconduct. The Office encourages applicants to carefully examine: (1) Prior art cited in search reports of a foreign patent office in a counterpart application, and (2) The closest information over which individuals associated with the filing or prosecution of a patent application believe any pending claim patentably defines, to make sure that any material information contained therein is disclosed to the Office.  

(b) Under this section, information is material to patentability when it is not cumulative to information already of record or being made of record in the application, and (1) It establishes, by itself or in combination with other information, a prima facie case of unpatentability of a claim; or (2) It refutes, or is inconsistent with, a position the applicant takes in: (i) Opposing an argument of unpatentability relied on by the Office, or (ii) Asserting an argument of patentability. A prima facie case of unpatentability is established when the information compels a conclusion that a claim is unpatentable under the preponderance of evidence, burden-of-proof standard, giving each term in the claim its broadest reasonable construction consistent with the specification, and before any consideration is given to evidence which may be submitted in an attempt to establish a contrary conclusion of patentability.  

(c) Individuals associated with the filing or prosecution of a patent application within the meaning of this section are: (1) Each inventor named in the application; (2) Each attorney or agent who prepares or prosecutes the application; and (3) Every other person who is substantively involved in the preparation or prosecution of the application and who is associated with the inventor, the applicant, an assignee, or anyone to whom there is an obligation to assign the application.  

(d) Individuals other than the attorney, agent or inventor may comply with this section by disclosing information to the attorney, agent, or inventor.   

(e) In any continuation-in-part application, the duty under this section includes the duty to disclose to the Office all information known to the person to be material to patentability, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section, which became available between the filing date of the prior application and the national or PCT international filing date of the continuation-in-part application.  

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